Many US workers don't fully understand their rights, and that can be costly. Here's a plain-English overview. This is general information, not legal advice; rules vary by state, so check your state labor department for specifics.
At-will employment. In almost every state, employment is "at will," meaning either side can end the relationship at any time for any lawful reason. Exceptions exist: you cannot be fired for illegal reasons such as discrimination or retaliation.
Minimum wage. The federal minimum is $7.25/hour, but many states and cities set higher rates. You're entitled to whichever is higher where you work.
Overtime. Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), non-exempt employees must be paid 1.5x their regular rate for hours worked over 40 in a week. Being paid a salary does not automatically make you exempt.
Breaks. Federal law doesn't require meal or rest breaks, but many states do. Check your state's rules.
Family and medical leave. The FMLA gives eligible employees at larger employers up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave for serious health conditions, a new child, or family care.
Final paycheck. Many states require your final wages by a set deadline after you leave. Some require unused vacation to be paid out; it depends on the state and company policy.
Discrimination and harassment. Federal law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40+), disability, and genetic information. Retaliation for reporting is also illegal.
Unemployment benefits. If you lose your job through no fault of your own, you may qualify for state unemployment insurance. File promptly through your state agency.
When in doubt, contact your state labor office or the US Department of Labor. Keep records of hours, pay, and any workplace issues.
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